![]() Reeves, who created the carrier task force between 19. Moffett, first chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics, 1921–1933, and Rear Adm. One was in naval aviation, led by Rear Adm. Two qualitative revolutions took place in the navy during the post– World War I years. The Merchant Marine Act of 1936 provided for a revival of that deteriorated arm of national security. The National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 was used to increase naval construction to reach full treaty strength, and the Vinson-Trammel Act of 1934 authorized 120 combat ships to be laid down in the next ten years. His strong ally in Congress was Chairman Carl Vinson of the House Naval Affairs Committee. Roosevelt, who was fully aware that successful diplomacy depended on naval strength. Construction was stepped up with the inauguration of President Franklin D. The United States did not even attempt to build up to its allowed treaty limitations until 1933 and thereby fell behind in naval strength, especially in the cruiser category. Another naval conference, held in London in 1930, limited cruiser tonnage, but the international climate worsened after the rise of Adolf Hitler and Japan's 1931 invasion of Manchuria, and all naval treaty limitations expired on 31 December 1936. ![]() This clause in effect underwrote Japanese naval supremacy there. To obtain Japan's consent, a clause was added forbidding new fortifications on any island possessions in the Far East. Its outcome was a seeming agreement on battleship limitation: United States and Great Britain, 525,000 tons Japan, 315,000 tons France and Italy, 175,000 tons. ![]() ![]() The four other major powers: Great Britain, Japan, France, and Italy, accepted, Japan reluctantly. The defeat of Wilson's Democratic party in 1920 led to a proposal for a naval disarmament conference in Washington, D.C. But postwar isolation and disarmament sentiment was strong. President Woodrow Wilson, after World War I, was determined that the United States would be the foremost naval power both for the country's good and that of the rest of the world, and plans were made to modernize and expand the 1916 building program. ![]()
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